A Single Battery to Drive Your 5V Loads, Using a 1.2A 96%-Efficient DC to DC Boost Converter
The rated voltage of single-cell batteries (such as Lithium-ion/Polymer) is below 5V, which is unsuitable for 5V-Logic applications (such as to power your Arduino board). Also, the battery voltage drops over time by usage. The first solution might be using a simple LDO (low-drop linear regulator) or a buck/boost converter. The problem of using an LDO is that LDOs are suitable to regulate the voltage at something lower than the battery voltage (such as 3.3V). Similarly, a buck converter is suitable to build a lower voltage. It seems the solution is to use a DC-to-DC boost converter, however, when the voltage difference between input and output is low, and the current handling, board size, and efficiency matter, a simple boost converter will not solve the problem.
Component manufacturers tried to address this problem by introducing components that are specifically designed to be used for such applications. I used a tiny SOT23-6 MP3120 chip in the following article to design a 0.8V-5V to 5V DC-to-DC converter. The Switching frequency of the converter is fixed at 1.1MHz, so several design requirements should be followed to guarantee stable operation of the circuit. The efficiency of this chip is rated up to 96%, which is an interesting figure for such a high switching frequency.
Circuit Analysis
Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the device. As it is clear, the heart of the circuit is the MP3120 chip that can interestingly tolerate a 5V input voltage, where the output is also 5V. The chip does not need any external Schottky diode which reduces the complexity of the PCB layout.
According to the datasheet of the MP31201: “The MP3120 is a high efficiency synchronous, current mode step-up converter. The device can boost a single-cell or two-cell AA battery up to 5V. The MP3120 can start up from an input voltage as low as 0.8V and provide in-rush current limiting as well as output short circuit protection. The integrated P-Channel synchronous rectifier switch provides improved efficiency and eliminates the need for an external Schottky diode. The P-MOS will disconnect the output from the input when EN is low. This output disconnect feature allows the output to be completely discharged, thus allowing the part to draw less than 1uA off current in shutdown mode. The 1.1MHz switching frequency allows for smaller external components; the internal compensation and soft start minimize the external component count; all help to produce a compact solution for a wide range of load currents.
A Single Battery to Drive Your 5V Loads, Using a 1.2A 96%-Efficient DC to DC Boost Converter
*PCBWay community is a shared platform and we are not responsible for any design issues.
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